Apparatus for construction of buildings of cement.



PATENTED JUNE, 30, 1903.

0. G. cANfIELD.

APPARATUS FOR GONSTRUOTION 0F BUILDINGS 0F CEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 18 1902.

10 MODEL.

UNITnD STATES Patented June 30, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES C. CANFIELD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 732,167, dated June 30,1903.

Application filed October 18, 1902. Serial No. 127,846. (No model.) 7

T0 or. whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. OANFIELD, of Cleveland, in the county ofCuyahoga, State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Construction of Buildings of Cement; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being bad to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the letters ofreference marked thereon.

This invention relates to improvements in means employed in theconstruction of the walls and partitions of buildings where cement orartificial stone is used.

Buildings have heretofore been constructed with cement orartificial-stone walls; but owing to expensive methods and defectiveapparatus not only have the results been unsatisfactory, but expensiveas compared with buildings whose walls were made of materials moreordinarily employed, such as stone, brick, and wood.

It is the object of the present invention to provide means whereby notonly will the re sults be more satisfactory, but the building operationsmay be so systematized and each step so economically and expeditiouslyperformed that the ultimate cost will be less than that of Walls ofequal durability when constructed of other materials, with otherapparatus, and in accordance with other methods.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through apartially-completed wall and apparatus employed in its constructionembodying the present improvements. Fig. 2 is a perspective view,partially broken away, of one of the moldboards. Fig. 3 is a similarView of a collapsible core for use in forming hollow walls. Fig. 4 is aplan of one of the ties and core-supports.

Like letters of reference in the several figures indicate the sameparts.

WValls and partitions of buildings have heretofore been constructed ofcement or ar tificial stone molded in situ, and while for specialpurposes and under certain conditions they have been considered asuccess, yet such construction has not gone into general and extensiveuse in competition with other materials used for a like purpose, duelargely to the fact that expensive, cumbersome, and slow methods andapparatus have been employed. In the invention of the presentapplication the difficulties heretofore encountered have to a largeextent been overcome and by a proper combination of means or mechanicalaids in the performance of the work the work may be materially expeditedand simplified, whereby the results show a degree of strength andregularity of appearance never before attained without the employment ofexpensive hand-labor.

In Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings a fragment of a wall is shown insection in a substantially completed condition, and it will be seen thatit consists of inner and outer facings A, of cement or artificial stone,separated by a space B, said facings, however, being efiectually tiedtogether by ties B, Figs. 1 and 4, preferably having the ends which areembedded in the cement split and curved away from each other todistribute the strains in the plane of the wall. Between the facings Aof the wall are vertical timbers C, spaced apart any desired distance,but sufficient in number to form, with suitable riders and beams, as C,a skeleton framing which, while it is ultimately incorporated in thebuilding, is one of the instrumentalities whereby the expeditious andeconomical construction of the wall is made possible. This skeletonframingis run upin advance of the wall proper, and it is preferably keptat least one story in advance of the walls, the floors being put in asreached by the walls, and a temporary tent-roof and curtain-walls aremaintained by said franie over and around the area being built, wherebythe work may proceed regardless of the weather conditions existing atthe time and under conditions calculated to give the best results.

The facings A may be of any desired thickness and one thicker than theotheras, for instance, in the wall of a dwelling-house, where the innerfacing would take the place of lath and plaster and might be finished inany usual artistic manner. Said facings are formed in st'tu'by pouringthe ingredients, (cement, sand, &c.,) previously .mixed'and tempered tothe proper degree, into the spaces between suitable moldboards on theouter sides and a suitable collapsible core on the The moldboards., Fig.2, are prefinner side.

erably formed of two relatively thin hardwood boards E, suitably spacedapart and having filling-pieces E between their ends. Thesefilling-pieces make the ends of the moldboard solid, and consequentlysaid solid portions may be cut to make a board of less length or may begiven an ornamental conformation to form ornamentation on the wallas,forinstance, at the corners or around the window and door openings of abuilding. The intermediate portions of the boards are braced and twistor warp prevented by diagonal filling-pieces E the upper and lower endsof adjacent braces extending past each other, as shown in dotted lines,Fig. 2, and the upper ends of which preferably project and are taperedsomewhat at E to form guides for the lower edge of another moldboardshould it be desired to superpose one upon another. For additionalstrength metal plates or strips E 'are also introduced between theboards and may be fastened to the edges of the pieces E so as to abutagainst the boards, and thereby prevent any possible warping. The effectof such construction is to form a trussed moldboard which will not bedistorted by the moisture and varying conditions under which it is usedand will therefore form a true wall-face, although as an addititionalprecaution and to permit the surface of the moldboard to readilyseparate from the face of the cement the board is preferably coated witha water repellant substance.

The collapsible core which forms the space in the wall is formed of twoside boards G G, Fig. 3, and to the inner face of one or both of saidboards spreaders H are hinged, so as to form braces to prevent warpageof the boards and also to hold the boards separated during the time thecement is being placed in position and setting. These spreaderspreferably have one face it curved so as to read:

-ily swing back and allow the boards to approach each other when'thecore is to be collapsed for removal.

In forming the wall the moldboards are held in place by clamps, to-bepresently described, and together with said clamps are adjustablysuspended from the skeleton frame, preferably by means of ropes I,attached to eyebolts I, passing through slots near the ends of theboards, said ropes running over pulleys carried by hangers K, clamped tothe skeleton frame above the wall. The clamps which hold the moldboardsin place are preferably formed of two members L L, pivotally andadjustably connected together near the upper end by a pivot-bolt Z,mounted in slots in the members. The members L L of the clamp arecrossed at the pivot-point and have upwardly-extending portions Z, whichare connected by a right-and-left' screw M, having a central hand-wheeland passing through swivel-nuts min the upwardly-extending portions 1.The lower arms of the members of the clamp fit around the outer. sidesof the oppositely-disposed moldboards, while the extreme ends areadapted to rest against the finished portion of the wall. The moldboardsfit into recesses, as it were, in the clamps,

such recesses being of a depth equal to the thickness of the boards.Thus the previouslycompleted portion of the wall forms a gage fordetermining the thickness of the subsequently-formed portion. Theskeleton frame will to a certain extent form a gage to keep the wallplumb; but in addition the clamps may, where so desired, be providedwith an indicator or plumb, as at N.

In the building of a wall in accordance with the present invention themoldboards are held and supported in place as just described, while thecollapsible core is supported on the tie-pieces, which are embeddedbetween each course,'care being taken that the lower edges of themoldboards overlap the previouslyformed course, so as to eliminate anyappearance of joints in the finished face of the wall. The materialhaving been tempered to the proper consistency is poured into the spacebetween the moldboards and core and tamped down solid, preferably by ajarring mechanism imparting rapid but light blows. After it is properlyset the collapsible core is released and raised up and supportedin'position for the next course by ties placed across beneath it. Theclamps and moldboards are then released and drawn up by thesupporting-ropes and pulleys, the whole being properly positioned aboutthe skeleton framing to form the next course. The construction of theskeleton frame may be proceeding at the same time, and when the wall hasreached a sufficient height the hangers are moved from one rider to thenext, thus permitting the work to proceed without interruption. Inpractice it is found that the shifting of the molds to form new coursesmay be accomplished in a very short time and with very little labor, andthe whole constructionmay proceed with the workmen .on I

the inner sides of the walls, thereby avoiding the necessity forexpensive scafiolding and staging, such as is ordinarily used.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with the skeleton frame adapted to be incorporated ina cement wall and a hanger carried by said frame, of'moldboardssuspended from said hanger on opposite sides of the frame, clampsembracing said boards, secured together above the boards and positionedby the wall below the boards, a collapsible core in the plane of theframe between the boards, and tie-pieces for supporting said collapsiblecore; substantially as described.

2. Inamoldboardforformingcement walls, the combination with the sideboards, of the filling-pieces between said boards at the ends formingsolid end sections, and diagonal braces between said side boardsinterme- IIS diate the end filling-pieces; substantially as described.

'3. In a moldboard for formingcement walls, the combination with theside boards, of the end fillingspieces between said boards, and theintermediate diagonal braces between said boards, the upper and lowerends of adjacent braces extending past each other; substantially asdescribed.

4. In a moldboard fo 1' form ing cement walls, the combination with theside boards, of the end filling-pieces between said boards, and theintermediate diagonal braces between the boards having taperedprojecting ends; substantially as described.

5. A collapsible core for forming hollow cement walls embodying sideboards and braces extending transversely of and hinged at one CHARLES e.GANFIELD.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER S. STEUART, THOMAS DURANT.

